What Is an Undescended Testis?

Undescended testis in boys is a condition where one or both testicles do not move down into the scrotum before birth. Doctors often call this condition cryptorchidism. Normally, testicles form inside the belly and drop into the scrotum before a baby is born. However, sometimes this does not happen. As a result, the testicle stays in the belly or groin. This is one of the most common birth problems in baby boys. According to the CDC, about 3% of full-term boys are born with this condition.

Symptoms and Signs

Parents and caregivers may notice certain signs of undescended testis in boys. Early treatment for undescended testis starts with spotting these signs. For example, you might see:

Sometimes, the testicle may move up and down, which is called a retractile testis. However, this is different from an undescended testis.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several causes and risk factors for undescended testis in boys. First, genetics can play a role. If a father or brother had this condition, the risk may be higher. Second, problems during pregnancy can affect testicle movement. For instance, low birth weight or being born early (premature) increases the risk. In addition, certain health issues in the mother, like diabetes, may also raise the chance. Some environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals during pregnancy, can play a part as well. However, in many cases, the exact cause is not known.

How Is It Diagnosed?

Doctors usually find undescended testis in boys during a newborn checkup. During the exam, the doctor gently feels the scrotum and groin. If one or both testicles are missing, further checks may be needed. Sometimes, an ultrasound or other imaging helps locate the testicle. If the testicle is not found, the doctor may refer you to a pediatric urologist. It is important to see a specialist if the testicle does not move down by six months of age. Early diagnosis helps guide the best treatment plan.

Why Early Treatment Matters

Early treatment for undescended testis in boys is very important. First, it helps protect future fertility. Boys with untreated undescended testis have a higher risk of infertility later in life. Second, early treatment lowers the risk of testicular cancer. According to the World Health Organization, boys with untreated testis are more likely to develop cancer as adults. Third, treating the condition early can prevent other health problems, such as hernias or twisting of the testicle. In addition, early treatment can reduce emotional stress and boost self-confidence as the child grows.

Treatment Options

Doctors use several treatments for undescended testis in boys. The most common treatment is surgery, called orchiopexy. During this simple procedure, the doctor moves the testicle into the scrotum. Most boys recover quickly and can go home the same day. In some cases, hormone therapy may help the testicle move down. However, surgery is usually more effective. After treatment, regular checkups help make sure the testicle stays in place and grows normally. Most boys have good outcomes with early treatment.

Prevention and Parental Guidance

While you cannot always prevent undescended testis in boys, there are steps parents can take. For example, regular baby checkups help catch the problem early. If your child was born early or had a low birth weight, pay extra attention during doctor visits. Always follow your doctor’s advice about follow-up care and exams. If your child had surgery, keep all follow-up appointments to check healing and growth. If you notice any changes in your child’s scrotum or groin consult Dr. Tejaswi Togaru. Early action helps protect your child’s health and well-being.